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develop a process

  • 1 develop a process

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > develop a process

  • 2 develop a process


    razviti proces

    English-Croatian dictionary > develop a process

  • 3 to develop a process

    English-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > to develop a process

  • 4 to develop a process

    English-russian dctionary of diplomacy > to develop a process

  • 5 process

    1. n
    2) способ; метод
    3) технологический процесс; режим

    - accounting process
    - acquisition process
    - adjustment process
    - automated process
    - averaging process
    - bargaining process
    - basic process
    - branching process
    - budgeting process
    - capital intensive manufacturing process
    - circular process
    - complex process
    - continuous process
    - continuous flow process
    - controlled process
    - cumulative process
    - current production process
    - cyclic process
    - data-generating process
    - decision process
    - decision-making process
    - deterministic process
    - due process of law
    - earning process
    - economical process
    - energy-saving technological process
    - engineering process
    - evening-up process
    - evolutionary process
    - fabrication process
    - feasible process
    - finishing process
    - flow process
    - growth process
    - immigration process
    - improved process
    - industrial process
    - industrialization process
    - industrially applicable process
    - inflationary process
    - innovation process
    - labour process
    - labour-intensive process
    - launching process
    - licensed process
    - low-waste process
    - manufacturing process
    - material production process
    - material-saving technological process
    - money accumulation process
    - multistage process
    - operating process
    - paperwork process
    - patented process
    - pilot process
    - price calculating process
    - price calculation process
    - privatization process
    - production process
    - productive process
    - random process
    - renewal process
    - replenishment process
    - reproduction process
    - reproductive process
    - screening process
    - search process
    - service process
    - stationary process
    - storage process
    - technological process
    - time-dependent process
    - waste-free technological process
    - process of circulation
    - process of creating value
    - process of development
    - process of manufacture
    - process of manufacturing
    - process of production
    - be in the process of
    - develop a process
    - evaluate a process
    - implement a process
    - license a process
    - master a process
    - operate a process
    - patent a process
    - practise a process
    - work out a process
    2. v
    1) обрабатывать, перерабатывать
    2) оформлять (документы)

    English-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > process

  • 6 process

    2) способ; метод
    •

    English-russian dctionary of diplomacy > process

  • 7 process

    (a) (method) procédé m, méthode f;
    ∎ to develop a process for doing sth mettre au point un procédé pour faire qch;
    ∎ a new manufacturing process un nouveau procédé de fabrication
    (b) COMPUTING procédé m, traitement m
    (a) (information, application, order) traiter;
    ∎ my insurance claim is still being processed ma déclaration de sinistre est toujours en cours de règlement;
    ∎ we process thousands of applications every week nous traitons des milliers de demandes chaque semaine
    (c) (raw materials) traiter, transformer

    English-French business dictionary > process

  • 8 develop

    develop [dɪ'veləp]
    (a) (evolve → country, person) se développer, évoluer; (→ feeling) se former, grandir; (→ plot) se développer, se dérouler;
    ∎ to develop into sth devenir qch;
    ∎ let's see how things develop attendons de voir comment les choses évoluent ou tournent
    (b) (become apparent → disease) se manifester, se déclarer; (→ talent, trend) se manifester; (→ event) se produire
    (c) Photography se développer
    (a) (form → body, mind) développer, former; (→ story) développer; (→ feeling) former;
    ∎ to develop one's muscles développer ses muscles, se muscler
    (b) (expand → business, market) développer; (→ idea, argument) développer, expliquer (en détail), exposer (en détail)
    (c) (improve → skill) développer, travailler; (→ machine, process) mettre au point
    (d) (acquire → disease) contracter; (→ cold, tic) attraper; (→ symptoms) présenter;
    ∎ she developed a habit of biting her nails elle a pris l'habitude de se ronger les ongles;
    ∎ he has developed cancer il est atteint de cancer;
    ∎ to develop a temperature or a fever (se mettre à) avoir ou faire de la température;
    ∎ I've developed a taste for opera je me suis mis à aimer l'opéra;
    ∎ she's developed a tendency to stutter elle s'est plus ou moins mise à bégayer
    (e) (land, resources) exploiter, mettre en valeur, aménager;
    ∎ the site is to be developed on va construire sur ce terrain, on va aménager le site
    (f) Mathematics, Music & Photography développer

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > develop

  • 9 develop

    v
    1) разрабатывать
    to develop mechanics разрабатывать методику
    2) составлять
    the detailed design developed from process and mechanical requirements развернутый проект, составленный с учетом требуемых технологических и механических параметров
    3) отрабатывать
    developed technique отработанный метод; дорабатывать; доводить (программу, документ) further develop доработать
    4) выполнять (чертеж:, чертежные работы, графические работы)
    5) заводить (напр., личное дело, журнал учета и т.д.)
    develop and maintain Overage, Shortage and Damage (OV&D) log завести и постоянно заполнять (вариант: содержать в порядке) журнал учета излишков, недостач и повреждения грузов
    6) набираться (напр., опыта, знаний и т.д.)
    develop one's expertise набираться опыта / знаний
    7) появляться (в знач. возникать, обнаруживаться; синон. appear)
    to distribute information as it develops распространять информацию по мере поступления и обработки
    8) приводить к возникновению чего-л.
    an increase in process pressure develops force which к возникновению силы, которая..., приводит повышение давления в технологической системе (см. комментарий)
    9) излагать; формулировать (напр., требования, правило)
    to develop requirements сформулировать требования;
    a rule of thumb was developed было сформулировано эмпирическое правило
    10) предусматривать
    for А, В must be developed для А необходимо предусмотреть В
    11) находить; отыскивать
    to develop the formula найти путь решения / рецепт
    12) повышать квалификацию
    training program to develop professional skills курсы повышения квалификации;
    develop potential расширять возможности сотрудника (напр., путем переподготовки на курсах повышения квалификации);
    develop skills повышать квалификацию
    13) застраивать ( территорию)
    14) формироваться (напр., о пограничном слое)
    -----
    КОММЕНТАРИЙ: develop, v 8) приводить к возникновению чего-л. an increase in process pressure develops force which к возникновению силы, которая..., приводит повышение давления в технологической системе. Возможно, кое у кого вызовет возражение порядок слов в предлагаемом варианте перевода. Но он должен быть именно таким, что следует, во-первых, из контекста (который, по понятным причинам, составитель не мог здесь привести), а во-вторых, ввиду наличия неопределенного артикля, присутствие которого означает, что суть, квинтэссенция, содержательная часть информации заключена в подлежащем, а не в сказуемом. В данном конкретном случае это означает, что к возникновению указанной силы приводит именно повышение давления, а не, скажем, использование труб меньшего диаметра, не крещенские морозы зимы 2006 г. и не манкирование своими обязанностями слесаря дяди Васи. В варианте, кажущемся правильным тем, у кого предлагаемый перевод вызывает сомнение, смысловое ударение этой фразы изменилось бы с точностью «до наоборот»: повышение давления приводит к возникновению силы, а не, скажем, к разрыву трубопровода, расторжению контракта или увольнению слесаря дяди Васи, а это совсем не то, что имел в виду автор документа.

    English-Russian dictionary of scientific and technical difficulties vocabulary > develop

  • 10 develop

    1. I
    1) his character is developing его характер формируется; our friendship has developed наша дружба окрепла
    2) new facts (some additional details, certain circumstances, etc.) have developed обнаружились /выяснились/ новые факты и т. д.; а new feature of the case developed a) обнаружилась /возникла/ еще одна сторона дела; б) дело приняло новый оборот; а rash (new symptoms, a fever, etc.) developed появилась сыпь и т. д., an ulcer developed образовалась язва
    2. II
    develop in some manner
    1) develop harmoniously (gradually, physically, morally. culturally,.etc.) гармонично и т. д. развиваться; the boy has developed intellectually мальчик интеллектуально развился; the plot (the story, the play. etc.) develops rapidly сюжет и т. д. развивается /развёртывается/ стремительно; develop in every way (a lot, by leaps and bounds, etc.) развиваться всеми способами или во всех отношениях и т. д.
    2) develop gradually (partially, etc.) проявляться постепенно и т. д.; this type of film develops quickly этот вид пленки проявляется быстро; these photographs haven't developed very well эти фотографии плохо вышли /проявились/
    3. III
    develop smth.
    1) develop the country's industry (a district, a coal area, etc.) развивать промышленность страны и т. д., develop the natural resources of a country разрабатывать природные богатства страны; we shall develop this mine будем разрабатывать /осваивать/ эту шахту: they are developing a new manufacturing process они разрабатывают новый технологический процесс: he developed his business он расширил свое дело
    2) develop different muscles (the strength of one's fingers. healthy bodies, one's memory, one's brain, the mind, etc.) укреплять /развивать, тренировать разные мышцы и т. д.
    3) develop exotic flowers (hot house tomatoes, subtropical fruit, etc.) выращивать экзотические цветы и т. д.; develop new forms of the plant выводить новые сорта растения; heat and moisture develop seed тепло и влага способствуют росту /развитию/ семян; different conditions have developed different forms of life разные условия привели к появлению разных форм жизни; this engine develops a lot of heat Этот мотор сильно нагревается
    4) develop new facts (new features, certain details, etc.) обнаруживать /вскрывать/ новые факты и т. д.; the inquiry developed unforeseen aspects of the case при расследовании обнаружились неожиданные стороны этого дела
    5) he developed symptoms of consumption (of a fever, of a cough. of a tumour, etc.) у него появились симптомы чахотки и т. д.', he seems to be developing an illness он. кажется, заболевает; the child developed whooping cough у ребенка начался коклюш
    6) develop a subject (the plot of a play, an argument, a plan, an idea. a line of thought, etc.) разрабатывать /развивать/ тему и т. д; you should develop this theme вам следует развить эту тему
    7) develop one's films (the plates, a photograph, etc.) проявлять [отснятую] пленку и т. д.
    4. IV
    develop smth. in some manner develop this idea (this subject, the theme, etc.) a little more fully развить /разработать/ эту мысль и т. д. полнее
    5. XI
    1) be developed in some manner be rather poorly developed быть плохо развитым, отставать в развитии; he is well developed mentally умственно он хорошо развит; be developed at /in/ some place in this school children's gifts are developed в этой школе обращают особое внимание на развитие природных талантов у детей
    6. XVI
    develop from /out of/ smth. develop from a seed (from a simpler machine, from an acorn, etc.) развиваться из зерна и т. д., this town developed out of a fishing village этот город вырос из /на месте/ рыбацкого поселка; develop Into smth. develop into plants (into beautiful butterflies, etc.) превращаться в растения и т. д, their acquaintance has developed into friendship их знакомство перешло в дружбу; develop Into smb. the boy developed into a good man из мальчика вырос хороший человек; - in some place develop in the author's mind созревать /зреть/ в уме автора
    7. XXI1
    1) develop smth. for smth. develop a gift (a taste, a habit, etc.) for smth. развивать талант и т. д. к чему-л.
    2) develop smth. in some time I shall develop the film in twenty minutes я проявлю эту пленку за двадцать минут

    English-Russian dictionary of verb phrases > develop

  • 11 develop

    di'veləp
    past tense, past participle - developed; verb
    1) (to (cause to) grow bigger or to a more advanced state: The plan developed slowly in his mind; It has developed into a very large city.) desarrollar(se)
    2) (to acquire gradually: He developed the habit of getting up early.) contraer, adquirir
    3) (to become active, visible etc: Spots developed on her face.) aparecer
    4) (to use chemicals to make (a photograph) visible: My brother develops all his own films.) revelar
    •
    1. desarrollar
    2. revelar
    3. convertirse
    4. surgir / salir
    tr[dɪ'veləp]
    1 (cultivate, cause to grow - gen) desarrollar; (foster - trade, arts) fomentar, promover; (expand - business, industry) ampliar; (build up, improve - skill, ability, talent) perfeccionar
    2 (elaborate, expand - idea, argument, story) desarrollar; (- theory, plan) desarrollar, elaborar
    3 (start - roots) echar; (devise, invent - policy, method, strategy) idear, desarrollar; (- drug, product, technology) crear
    4 (acquire - habit, quality, feature) contraer, adquirir; (- talent, interest) mostrar; (- tendency) revelar, manifestar; (get - illness, disease) contraer; (- immunity, resistance) desarrollar
    5 (exploit - resources) explotar; (- site, land) urbanizar
    6 (film, photograph) revelar
    1 (grow - person, body, nation, region, etc) desarrollarse; (- system) perfeccionarse; (feeling, interest) aumentar, crecer
    2 (evolve - emotion) convertirse ( into, en), transformarse ( into, en), evolucionar; (plot, novel) desarrollarse
    3 (appear - problem, complication, symptom) aparecer, surgir; (situation, crisis) producirse
    4 (of film, photograph) salir
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    to develop a taste for something cogerle gusto a algo
    develop [di'vɛləp] vt
    1) form, make: desarrollar, elaborar, formar
    2) : revelar (en fotografía)
    3) foster: desarrollar, fomentar
    4) exploit: explotar (recursos), urbanizar (un área)
    5) acquire: adquirir
    to develop an interest: adquirir un interés
    6) contract: contraer (una enfermedad)
    1) grow: desarrollarse
    2) arise: aparecer, surgir
    v.
    • revelar (una película) v.
    v.
    • desarrollar v.
    • desenvolver v.
    • explotar v.
    • progresar v.
    • urbanizar v.
    dɪ'veləp
    1.
    1)
    a) (elaborate, devise) \<\<theory/plan\>\> desarrollar, elaborar; \<\<idea\>\> desarrollar; \<\<method\>\> idear, desarrollar; \<\<plot/story/character\>\> desarrollar
    b) ( improve) \<\<skill/ability/quality\>\> desarrollar
    c) ( exploit) \<\<land/area\>\> urbanizar*
    d) ( expand) \<\<business/range\>\> ampliar*
    e) ( create) \<\<drug/engine\>\> crear
    2) ( acquire) \<\<immunity/resistance\>\> desarrollar; \<\<disease\>\> contraer* (frml)

    I've developed a taste for... — le he tomado (el) gusto a...

    3) ( Phot) revelar

    2.
    vi
    1)
    a) ( grow) \<\<person/industry\>\> desarrollarse; \<\<interest\>\> crecer*, aumentar
    b) ( evolve)

    to develop INTO something — convertirse* or transformarse en algo

    c) ( Econ) \<\<nation/region\>\> desarrollarse, progresar
    d) ( unfold) \<\<plot/novel\>\> desarrollarse
    2) ( appear) \<\<problem/complication\>\> surgir*, aparecer*; \<\<crisis\>\> producirse*
    [dɪ'velǝp]
    1. VT
    1) (=make bigger, stronger etc) [+ mind, body] desarrollar; (fig) [+ argument, idea] desarrollar
    2) (=generate) [+ plan] elaborar; [+ process] perfeccionar
    3) (=acquire) [+ interest, taste, habit] adquirir; [+ disease] contraer; [+ tendency] coger, desarrollar; [+ engine trouble] empezar a tener
    4) (=build on) [+ region] desarrollar, fomentar; [+ land] urbanizar; [+ site] ampliar

    this land is to be developed — se va a construir en or urbanizar este terreno

    5) (=exploit) [+ resources, mine etc] explotar
    6) (Phot) revelar
    2. VI
    1) (=change, mature) desarrollarse

    to develop into — convertirse or transformarse en

    2) (=progress) [country] desarrollarse

    how is the book developing? — ¿qué tal va el libro?

    3) (=come into being) aparecer; [symptoms] aparecer, mostrarse
    4) (=come about) [idea, plan, problem] surgir

    it later developed that... — más tarde quedó claro que...

    * * *
    [dɪ'veləp]
    1.
    1)
    a) (elaborate, devise) \<\<theory/plan\>\> desarrollar, elaborar; \<\<idea\>\> desarrollar; \<\<method\>\> idear, desarrollar; \<\<plot/story/character\>\> desarrollar
    b) ( improve) \<\<skill/ability/quality\>\> desarrollar
    c) ( exploit) \<\<land/area\>\> urbanizar*
    d) ( expand) \<\<business/range\>\> ampliar*
    e) ( create) \<\<drug/engine\>\> crear
    2) ( acquire) \<\<immunity/resistance\>\> desarrollar; \<\<disease\>\> contraer* (frml)

    I've developed a taste for... — le he tomado (el) gusto a...

    3) ( Phot) revelar

    2.
    vi
    1)
    a) ( grow) \<\<person/industry\>\> desarrollarse; \<\<interest\>\> crecer*, aumentar
    b) ( evolve)

    to develop INTO something — convertirse* or transformarse en algo

    c) ( Econ) \<\<nation/region\>\> desarrollarse, progresar
    d) ( unfold) \<\<plot/novel\>\> desarrollarse
    2) ( appear) \<\<problem/complication\>\> surgir*, aparecer*; \<\<crisis\>\> producirse*

    English-spanish dictionary > develop

  • 12 process

    I 1. noun
    1) (of time or history) Lauf, der

    he learnt a lot in the process — er lernte eine Menge dabei

    be in process — in Gang sein

    2) (proceeding) Vorgang, der; Prozedur, die
    3) (method) Verfahren, das; see also academic.ru/23789/elimination">elimination 1)
    4) (natural operation) Prozess, der; Vorgang, der

    process of evolution — Evolutionsprozess, der

    2. transitive verb
    verarbeiten [Rohstoff, Signal, Daten]; bearbeiten [Antrag, Akte, Darlehen]; (for conservation) behandeln [Leder, Lebensmittel]; (Photog.) entwickeln [Film]
    II
    [prə'ses] intransitive verb ziehen
    * * *
    ['prəuses, ]( American[) 'pro-] 1. noun
    1) (a method or way of manufacturing things: We are using a new process to make glass.) das Verfahren
    2) (a series of events that produce change or development: The process of growing up can be difficult for a child; the digestive processes.) der Prozeß
    3) (a course of action undertaken: Carrying him down the mountain was a slow process.) der Vorgang
    2. verb
    (to deal with (something) by the appropriate process: Have your photographs been processed?; The information is being processed by computer.) bearbeiten
    - processed
    - in the process of
    * * *
    pro·cess1
    [ˈprəʊses, AM ˈprɑ:-]
    I. n
    <pl -es>
    1. (set of actions) Prozess m
    \process of ageing Alterungsprozess m
    by a \process of elimination durch Auslese
    by a \process of trial and error durch [stetes] Ausprobieren, auf dem Weg der Empirie geh
    digestive \process Verdauungsvorgang m
    2. (method) Verfahren nt
    a new \process for treating breast cancer eine neue Methode zur Behandlung von Brustkrebs
    to develop a new \process ein neues Verfahren entwickeln
    3. no pl (going on) Verlauf m
    ▪ in \process im Gange
    in the \process dabei
    ▪ to be in the \process of doing sth dabei sein, etw zu tun
    4. ANAT Fortsatz m
    5. (summons) gerichtliche Verfügung
    to serve sb a \process [or a \process on sb] jdn vorladen
    II. vt
    1. (deal with)
    ▪ to \process sth etw bearbeiten
    to \process an application/a document/the mail einen Antrag/ein Dokument/die Post bearbeiten
    to \process sb's papers [or paperwork] jds Papiere durcharbeiten
    ▪ to \process sb jdn abfertigen
    to \process data/information Daten/Informationen verarbeiten [o aufbereiten
    ▪ to \process sth etw verstehen [o [geistig] verarbeiten
    4. (treat)
    ▪ to \process sth etw bearbeiten [o behandeln]
    to \process beans for freezing/canning Bohnen zum Einfrieren/Einmachen verarbeiten
    to \process food Nahrungsmittel haltbar machen [o konservieren]
    to \process raw materials Rohstoffe [weiter]verarbeiten
    to \process milk Milch sterilisieren
    5. PHOT
    to \process a film einen Film entwickeln
    pro·cess2
    [prə(ʊ)ˈses, AM prəˈ-]
    vi ( form) [in einer Prozession] mitgehen
    * * *
    I ['prəʊses]
    1. n
    1) Prozess m

    the process of time will... —

    in the process of time — im Laufe der Zeit, mit der Zeit

    to be in the process of doing sth — dabei sein, etw zu tun

    2) (= specific method, technique) Verfahren nt; (IND) Prozess m, Verfahren nt
    3) (JUR) Prozess m, Verfahren nt

    a process of a bone/of the jaw — ein Knochen-/Kiefernvorsprung m

    2. vt
    (= treat) raw materials, data, information, waste verarbeiten; food konservieren; milk sterilisieren; application, loan, wood bearbeiten; film entwickeln; (= deal with) applicants, people abfertigen II [prə'ses]
    vi
    (Brit: go in procession) ziehen, schreiten
    * * *
    process1 [ˈprəʊses; US auch ˈprɑ-]
    A s
    1. auch TECH Verfahren n, Prozess m:
    a) Herstellungsverfahren,
    b) Herstellungsprozess, -vorgang m, Werdegang m;
    in process of construction im Bau (befindlich);
    be in the process of doing sth dabei sein, etwas zu tun;
    process annealing METALL Zwischenglühung f;
    process average mittlere Fertigungsgüte;
    process automation Prozessautomatisierung f;
    process chart WIRTSCH Arbeitsablaufdiagramm n;
    process control IT Prozesssteuerung f;
    process engineering Verfahrenstechnik f;
    process steam TECH Betriebsdampf m;
    process water TECH Betriebswasser n
    2. Vorgang m, Verlauf m, Prozess m ( auch PHYS):
    process of combustion Verbrennungsvorgang;
    processes of life Lebensvorgänge;
    mental process, process of thinking Denkprozess
    3. Arbeitsgang m
    4. Fortgang m, -schreiten n, (Ver)Lauf m (der Zeit):
    in process of time im Laufe der Zeit;
    be in process im Gange sein, sich abwickeln;
    in process of im Verlauf von (od gen);
    the machine was damaged in the process dabei wurde die Maschine beschädigt
    5. CHEM
    a) → A 1, A 2:
    process cheese bes US Schmelzkäse m
    b) Reaktionsfolge f
    6. TYPO fotomechanisches Reproduktionsverfahren:
    process printing Drei- oder Vierfarbendruck m
    7. FOTO Übereinanderkopieren n
    8. JUR
    a) Zustellung(en) f(pl), besonders Vorladung f
    b) Rechtsgang m, (Gerichts)Verfahren n:
    due process of law ordentliches Verfahren, rechtliches Gehör
    9. ANAT Fortsatz m
    10. BOT Auswuchs m
    11. fig Vorsprung m
    12. MATH Auflösungsverfahren n (einer Aufgabe)
    B v/t
    1. bearbeiten, behandeln, einem Verfahren unterwerfen
    2. verarbeiten, Lebensmittel haltbar machen, Milch etc sterilisieren, (chemisch) behandeln, Stoff imprägnieren, Rohstoffe etc aufbereiten:
    process into verarbeiten zu;
    process information Daten verarbeiten;
    processed cheese Schmelzkäse m
    3. JUR
    a) vorladen
    b) gerichtlich belangen
    4. FOTO (fotomechanisch) reproduzieren oder vervielfältigen
    5. fig jemandes Fall etc bearbeiten
    process2 [prəˈses] v/i besonders Br
    1. in einer Prozession (mit)gehen
    2. ziehen
    proc. abk
    * * *
    I 1. noun
    1) (of time or history) Lauf, der
    2) (proceeding) Vorgang, der; Prozedur, die
    3) (method) Verfahren, das; see also elimination 1)
    4) (natural operation) Prozess, der; Vorgang, der

    process of evolution — Evolutionsprozess, der

    2. transitive verb
    verarbeiten [Rohstoff, Signal, Daten]; bearbeiten [Antrag, Akte, Darlehen]; (for conservation) behandeln [Leder, Lebensmittel]; (Photog.) entwickeln [Film]
    II
    [prə'ses] intransitive verb ziehen
    * * *
    n.
    (§ pl.: processes)
    = Arbeitsgang m.
    Prozess -e m.
    Vorgang -¨e m. v.
    entwickeln v.
    verarbeiten v.
    weiter verarbeiten ausdr.

    English-german dictionary > process

  • 13 process

    pro·cess
    1. pro·cess [ʼprəʊses, Am ʼprɑ:-] n <pl - es>
    1) ( set of actions) Prozess m;
    \process of ageing Alterungsprozess m;
    by a \process of elimination durch Auslese;
    by a \process of trial and error durch [stetes] Ausprobieren, auf dem Weg der Empirie ( geh)
    digestive \process Verdauungsvorgang m
    2) ( method) Verfahren nt;
    a new \process for treating breast cancer eine neue Methode zur Behandlung von Brustkrebs;
    to develop a new \process ein neues Verfahren entwickeln
    3) no pl ( going on) Verlauf m;
    in \process im Gange;
    in the \process dabei;
    to be in the \process of doing sth dabei sein, etw zu tun
    4) anat Fortsatz m
    5) ( summons) gerichtliche Verfügung;
    to serve sb a \process [or a \process on sb] jdn vorladen vt
    1) ( deal with)
    to \process sth etw bearbeiten;
    to \process an application/ a document/ the mail einen Antrag/ein Dokument/die Post bearbeiten;
    to \process sb's papers [or paperwork] jds Papiere durcharbeiten;
    to \process sb jdn abfertigen
    to \process data/ information Daten/Informationen verarbeiten;
    3) (fig: comprehend)
    to \process sth etw verstehen [o [geistig] verarbeiten];
    4) ( treat)
    to \process sth etw bearbeiten [o behandeln];
    to \process beans for freezing/ canning Bohnen zum Einfrieren/Einmachen verarbeiten;
    to \process food Nahrungsmittel haltbar machen [o konservieren];
    to \process raw materials Rohstoffe [weiter]verarbeiten;
    to \process milk Milch sterilisieren
    5) phot
    to \process a film einen Film entwickeln
    2. pro·cess [prə(ʊ)ʼses, Am prəʼ-] vi
    ( form) [in einer Prozession] mitgehen

    English-German students dictionary > process

  • 14 Cowper-Coles, Sherard Osborn

    SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy
    [br]
    b. 8 October 1866 East Harting, Sussex, England
    d. 9 September 1936
    [br]
    English inventor of the sherardizing process for metal protection.
    [br]
    He was the son of Captain Cowper- Coles, Royal Navy, the inventor of the swivelling turret for naval guns. He inherited his father's inventive talents and investigated a variety of inventions in his workshop at his home at Sunbury-on-Thames, assisted by a number of scientific workers. He had been educated by governesses, but he lacked a sound scientific background. His inventions, rarely systematically pursued, ranged from electrolytic processes for making copper sheets and parabolic reflectors to a process for inlaying and decorating metallic surfaces. Overall, however, he is best known for the invention of "sherardizing", the process for producing a rustproof coating of zinc on small metallic articles. The discovery came by chance, when he was annealing iron and steel packed in zinc dust to exclude air. The metal was found to be coated with a thin layer of zinc with some surface penetration. The first patent for the process was obtained in 1900, and later the American rights were sold, with a company being formed in 1908 to control them. A small plant was set up in Chelsea, London, to develop the process to the point where it could be carried out on a commercial scale in a plant in Willesden. Sherardizing has not been a general protective finish, but is restricted to articles such as nuts and bolts which are then painted or finished. The process was still in use in 1977, operated by the Zinc Alloy Company (London) Ltd.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    C.A.Smith, 1978, "Sherard Cowper-Coles: a review of the inception of sherardizing", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 49:1–4.
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Cowper-Coles, Sherard Osborn

  • 15 Deville, Henri Etienne Sainte-Claire

    SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy
    [br]
    b. 11 March 1818 St Thomas, Virgin Islands
    d. 1 July 1881 Boulogne-sur-Seine, France
    [br]
    French chemist and metallurgist, pioneer in the large-scale production of aluminium and other light metals.
    [br]
    Deville was the son of a prosperous shipowner with diplomatic duties in the Virgin Islands. With his elder brother Charles, who later became a distinguished physicist, he was sent to Paris to be educated. He took his degree in medicine in 1843, but before that he had shown an interest in chemistry, due particularly to the lectures of Thenard. Two years later, with Thenard's influence, he was appointed Professor of Chemistry at Besançon. In 1851 he was able to return to Paris as Professor at the Ecole Normale Supérieure. He remained there for the rest of his working life, greatly improving the standard of teaching, and his laboratory became one of the great research centres of Europe. His first chemical work had been in organic chemistry, but he then turned to inorganic chemistry, specifically to improve methods of producing the new and little-known metal aluminium. Essentially, the process consisted of forming sodium aluminium trichloride and reducing it with sodium to metallic aluminium. He obtained sodium in sufficient quantity by reducing sodium carbonate with carbon. In 1855 he exhibited specimens of the metal at the Paris Exhibition, and the same year Napoleon III asked to see them, with a view to using it for breastplates for the Army and for spoons and forks for State banquets. With the resulting government support, he set up a pilot plant at Jarvel to develop the process, and then set up a small company, the Société d'Aluminium at Nan terre. This raised the output of this attractive and useful metal, so it could be used more widely than for the jewellery to which it had hitherto been restricted. Large-scale applications, however, had to await the electrolytic process that began to supersede Deville's in the 1890s. Deville extended his sodium reduction method to produce silicon, boron and the light metals magnesium and titanium. His investigations into the metallurgy of platinum revolutionized the industry and led in 1872 to his being asked to make the platinum-iridium (90–10) alloy for the standard kilogram and metre. Deville later carried out important work in high-temperature chemistry. He grieved much at the death of his brother Charles in 1876, and his retirement was forced by declining health in 1880; he did not survive for long.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    Deville published influential books on aluminium and platinum; these and all his publications are listed in the bibliography in the standard biography by J.Gray, 1889, Henri Sainte-Claire Deville: sa vie et ses travaux, Paris.
    Further Reading
    M.Daumas, 1949, "Henri Sainte-Claire Deville et les débuts de l'industrie de l'aluminium", Rev.Hist.Sci 2:352–7.
    J.C.Chaston, 1981, "Henri Sainte-Claire Deville: his outstanding contributions to the chemistry of the platinum metals", Platinum Metals Review 25:121–8.
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Deville, Henri Etienne Sainte-Claire

  • 16 Pretsch, Paul

    [br]
    b. 1808 Vienna, Austria
    d. 1873 Vienna, Austria
    [br]
    Austrian printer and inventor of photogalvanography, one of the earliest commercial photomechanical printing processes.
    [br]
    The son of a goldsmith, Pretsch learned the printing trade in Vienna, where he worked until 1831. He then took up a series of posts in Germany, Belgium and Holland before returning to Vienna, where in 1842 he joined the Imperial State Printing Office. The office was equipped with a photographic studio, and Pretsch was encouraged to explore applications of photography to printing and the graphic arts. In 1851 he was sent to London to take responsibility for the Austrian printing exhibits of the Great Exhibition. This event proved to be a significant international show case for photography and Pretsch saw a great number of recent innovations and made many useful contacts. On returning to Vienna, he began to develop a process for producing printing plates from photographs. Using Talbot's discovery that bichromated gelatine swells in water after exposure to light, he electrotyped the relief image obtained. In 1854 Pretsch resigned from his post in Vienna and travelled back to London, where he patented his process, calling it photogalvanography. He went on to form a business, the Photo-Galvano-Graphic Company, to print and market his pictures.
    The Photographic Manager of the company was the celebrated photographer Roger Fenton, recently returned from his exploits on the battlefields of the Crimea. In 1856 the company issued a large serial work, Photographic Art Treasures, illustrated with Pretsch's pictures, which created considerable interest. The venture did not prove a commercial success, however, and although further plates were made and issued, Fenton found other interests to pursue and Pretsch was left to try to apply some of his ideas to lithography. This too had no successful outcome, and in 1863 Pretsch returned to Vienna. He was reappointed to a post at the Imperial State Printing Office, but his health failed and he made no further progress with his processes.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    9 November 1854, British patent no. 2,373. 11 August 1855, British patent no. 1,824.
    Further Reading
    J.M.Eder, 1945, History of Photography, trans. E. Epstean, New York.
    H.Gernsheim and A.Gernsheim, 1969, The History of Photography, rev. edn, London. H.J.P.Arnold, 1977, William Henry Fox Talbot, London (an account of the relationship with Talbot's process).
    JW

    Biographical history of technology > Pretsch, Paul

  • 17 A&D information collection

    1. сбор данных о прибытиях и отъездах

     

    сбор данных о прибытиях и отъездах
    Сбор данных для информационной системы «Прибытия и отъезды». ОКОИ должен разработать процедуру сбора информации для каждой категории и подкатегории клиентов Игр в соответствии с договоренностью с ответственным лицом или органом этой категории (и иногда с самими клиентами).
    [Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]

    EN

    A&D information collection
    Collection of data for the Arrival and Departure system. The OCOG should develop the process of collecting information for each Games client category and sub-category in agreement with the Games client owner (and the Games clients themselves in some instances).
    [Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]

    Тематики

    EN

    • A&D information collection

    Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > A&D information collection

  • 18 Champion, William

    SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy
    [br]
    b. 1710 Bristol, England
    d. 1789 England
    [br]
    English metallurgist, the first to produce metallic zinc in England on an industrial scale.
    [br]
    William, the youngest of the three sons of Nehemiah Champion, stemmed from a West Country Quaker family long associated with the metal trades. His grandfather, also called Nehemiah, had been one of Abraham Darby's close Quaker friends when the brassworks at Baptist Mills was being established in 1702 and 1703. Nehemiah II took over the management of these works soon after Darby went to Coalbrookdale, and in 1719, as one of a group of Bristol copper smelters, he negotiated an agreement with Lord Falmouth to develop copper mines in the Redruth area in Cornwall. In 1723 he was granted a patent for a cementation brass-making process using finely granulated copper rather than the broken fragments of massive copper hitherto employed.
    In 1730 he returned to Bristol after a tour of European metallurgical centres, and he began to develop an industrial process for the manufacture of pure zinc ingots in England. Metallic zinc or spelter was then imported at great expense from the Far East, largely for the manufacture of copper alloys of golden colour used for cheap jewellery. The process William developed, after six years of experimentation, reduced zinc oxide with charcoal at temperatures well above the boiling point of zinc. The zinc vapour obtained was condensed rapidly to prevent reoxidation and finally collected under water. This process, patented in 1738, was operated in secret until 1766 when Watson described it in his Chemical Essays. After encountering much opposition from the Bristol merchants and zinc importers, William decided to establish his own integrated brassworks at Warmley, five meals east of Bristol. The Warmley plant began to produce in 1748 and expanded rapidly. By 1767, when Warmley employed about 2,000 men, women and children, more capital was needed, requiring a Royal Charter of Incorporation. A consortium of Champion's competitors opposed this and secured its refusal. After this defeat William lost the confidence of his fellow directors, who dismissed him. He was declared bankrupt in 1769 and his works were sold to the British Brass Company, which never operated Warmley at full capacity, although it produced zinc on that site until 1784.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1723, British patent no. 454 (cementation brass-making process).
    1738, British patent no. 564 (zinc ingot production process).
    1767, British patent no. 867 (brass manufacture wing zinc blende).
    Further Reading
    J.Day, 1973, Bristol Brass: The History of the Industry, Newton Abbot: David \& Charles.
    A.Raistrick, 1970, Dynasty of Ironfounders: The Darbys and Coalbrookdale, Newton Abbot: David \& Charles.
    J.R.Harris, 1964, The Copper King, Liverpool University Press.
    ASD

    Biographical history of technology > Champion, William

  • 19 Siemens, Sir Charles William

    [br]
    b. 4 April 1823 Lenthe, Germany
    d. 19 November 1883 London, England
    [br]
    German/British metallurgist and inventory pioneer of the regenerative principle and open-hearth steelmaking.
    [br]
    Born Carl Wilhelm, he attended craft schools in Lübeck and Magdeburg, followed by an intensive course in natural science at Göttingen as a pupil of Weber. At the age of 19 Siemens travelled to England and sold an electroplating process developed by his brother Werner Siemens to Richard Elkington, who was already established in the plating business. From 1843 to 1844 he obtained practical experience in the Magdeburg works of Count Stolburg. He settled in England in 1844 and later assumed British nationality, but maintained close contact with his brother Werner, who in 1847 had co-founded the firm Siemens \& Halske in Berlin to manufacture telegraphic equipment. William began to develop his regenerative principle of waste-heat recovery and in 1856 his brother Frederick (1826–1904) took out a British patent for heat regeneration, by which hot waste gases were passed through a honeycomb of fire-bricks. When they became hot, the gases were switched to a second mass of fire-bricks and incoming air and fuel gas were led through the hot bricks. By alternating the two gas flows, high temperatures could be reached and considerable fuel economies achieved. By 1861 the two brothers had incorporated producer gas fuel, made by gasifying low-grade coal.
    Heat regeneration was first applied in ironmaking by Cowper in 1857 for heating the air blast in blast furnaces. The first regenerative furnace was set up in Birmingham in 1860 for glassmaking. The first such furnace for making steel was developed in France by Pierre Martin and his father, Emile, in 1863. Siemens found British steelmakers reluctant to adopt the principle so in 1866 he rented a small works in Birmingham to develop his open-hearth steelmaking furnace, which he patented the following year. The process gradually made headway; as well as achieving high temperatures and saving fuel, it was slower than Bessemer's process, permitting greater control over the content of the steel. By 1900 the tonnage of open-hearth steel exceeded that produced by the Bessemer process.
    In 1872 Siemens played a major part in founding the Society of Telegraph Engineers (from which the Institution of Electrical Engineers evolved), serving as its first President. He became President for the second time in 1878. He built a cable works at Charlton, London, where the cable could be loaded directly into the holds of ships moored on the Thames. In 1873, together with William Froude, a British shipbuilder, he designed the Faraday, the first specialized vessel for Atlantic cable laying. The successful laying of a cable from Europe to the United States was completed in 1875, and a further five transatlantic cables were laid by the Faraday over the following decade.
    The Siemens factory in Charlton also supplied equipment for some of the earliest electric-lighting installations in London, including the British Museum in 1879 and the Savoy Theatre in 1882, the first theatre in Britain to be fully illuminated by electricity. The pioneer electric-tramway system of 1883 at Portrush, Northern Ireland, was an opportunity for the Siemens company to demonstrate its equipment.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Knighted 1883. FRS 1862. Institution of Civil Engineers Telford Medal 1853. President, Institution of Mechanical Engineers 1872. President, Society of Telegraph Engineers 1872 and 1878. President, British Association 1882.
    Bibliography
    27 May 1879, British patent no. 2,110 (electricarc furnace).
    1889, The Scientific Works of C.William Siemens, ed. E.F.Bamber, 3 vols, London.
    Further Reading
    W.Poles, 1888, Life of Sir William Siemens, London; repub. 1986 (compiled from material supplied by the family).
    S.von Weiher, 1972–3, "The Siemens brothers. Pioneers of the electrical age in Europe", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 45:1–11 (a short, authoritative biography). S.von Weihr and H.Goetler, 1983, The Siemens Company. Its Historical Role in the
    Progress of Electrical Engineering 1847–1980, English edn, Berlin (a scholarly account with emphasis on technology).
    GW

    Biographical history of technology > Siemens, Sir Charles William

  • 20 Bergius, Friedrich Carl Rudolf

    [br]
    b. 11 October 1884 Goldschmieden, near Breslau, Germany
    d. 31 March Buenos Aires, Argentina
    [br]
    [br]
    After studying chemistry in Breslau and Leipzig and assisting inter alia at the institute of Fritz Haber in Karlsruhe on the catalysis of ammonia under high pressure, in 1909 he went to Hannover to pursue his idea of turning coal into liquid hydrocarbon under high hydrogen pressure (200 atm) and high temperatures (470° C). As experiments with high pressure in chemical processes were still in their initial stages and the Technical University could not support him sufficiently, he set up a private laboratory to develop the methods and to construct the equipment himself. Four years later, in 1913, his process for producing liquid or organic compounds from coal was patented.
    The economic aspects of this process were apparent as the demand for fuels and lubricants increased more rapidly than the production of oil, and Bergius's process became even more important after the outbreak of the First World War. The Th. Goldschmidt company of Essen contracted him and tried large-scale production near Mannheim in 1914, but production failed because of the lack of capital and experience to operate with high pressure on an industrial level. Both capital and experience were provided jointly by the BASF company, which produced ammonia at Merseburg, and IG Farben, which took over the Bergius process in 1925, the same year that the synthesis of hydrocarbon had been developed by Fischer-Tropsch. Two years later, at the Leuna works, almost 100,000 tonnes of oil were produced from coal; during the following years, several more hydrogenation plants were to follow, especially in the eastern parts of Germany as well as in the Ruhr area, while the government guaranteed the costs. The Bergius process was extremely important for the supply of fuels to Germany during the Second World War, with the monthly production rate in 1943–4 being more than 700,000 tonnes. However, the plants were mostly destroyed at. the end of the war and were later dismantled.
    As a consequence of this success Bergius, who had gained an international reputation, went abroad to work as a consultant to several foreign governments. Experiments aiming to reduce the costs of production are still continued in some countries. By 1925, after he had solved all the principles of his process, he had turned to the production of dextrose by hydrolyzing wood with highly concentrated hydrochloric acid.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Nobel Prize 1931. Honorary doctorates, Heidelberg, Harvard and Hannover.
    Bibliography
    1907, "Über absolute Schwefelsäure als Lösungsmittel", unpublished thesis, Weida. 1913, Die Anwendung hoher Drucke bei chemischen Vorgängen und eine Nachbildung
    des Entstehungsprozesses der Steinkohle, Halle. 1913, DRP no. 301, 231 (coal-liquefaction process).
    1925, "Verflüssigung der Kohle", Zeitschrift des Vereins Deutscher Ingenieure, 69:1313–20, 1359–62.
    1933, "Chemische Reaktionen unter hohem Druck", Les Prix Nobel en 1931, Stockholm, pp. 1–37.
    Further Reading
    Deutsches Bergbau-Museum, 1985, Friedrich Bergius und die Kohleverflüssigung. Stationen einer Entwicklung, Bochum (gives a comprehensive and illustrated description of the man and the technology).
    H.Beck, 1982, Friedrich Bergius, ein Erfinderschicksal, Munich: Deutsches Museum (a detailed biographical description).
    W.Birkendfeld, 1964, Der synthetische Treibstoff 1933–1945. Ein Beitragzur nationalsozialistischen Wirtschafts-und Rüstungspolitik, Göttingen, Berlin and Frankfurt (describes the economic value of synthetic fuels for the Third Reich).
    WK

    Biographical history of technology > Bergius, Friedrich Carl Rudolf

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